The good news is that vitamin B12 deficiency is common and usually straightforward to manage with appropriate medical support
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The downstream effect: increased mitochondrial NAD+ levels, which activate sirtuins (particularly SIRT1 and SIRT3) and AMPK signaling
Conversion to estradiol via aromatase bone health, mood regulation, libido
Manage weight or body composition shifts: Ask your healthcare professional about proven treatments like GLP-1s, berberine, or targeted nutrition and lifestyle strategies
Furthermore, decreased bacterial richness has been linked to high carbohydrate 73 and high-fat/low-protein concentrations 74 , as found in the lean and Western diets, respectively, the latter result only in old-aged rats 74